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The Seventy Years Declaration
The Seventy Years Declaration was a declaration initiated by academics Dovid Katz and Danny Ben-Moshe and released on 20 January 2012 to protest against the policies of several European states and European Union bodies on the evaluation, remembrance and prosecution of crimes committed under communist dictatorships in Europe, specifically policies of many European countries and the EU treating the Nazi and Stalinist regimes in Eastern and Central Europe as equally criminal. Presented as a response to the Prague Declaration on European Conscience and Communism initiated by the Czech government in 2008 to condemn communism as totalitarian and criminal, it explicitly rejects the idea that the regimes of Joseph Stalin and Adolf Hitler can be compared, i.e. the totalitarianism theory that was popularized by academics such as Hannah Arendt, Carl Friedrich and Zbigniew Brzezinski and became dominant in western political discourse during the Cold War, and that has gained new momentum in many new EU member states following the fall of communism, resulting in international resolutions, establishment of research institutes and museums, and a day of remembrance. The declaration also claims communist regimes did not commit genocides, citing a 1948 definition that deliberately excluded politically motivated mass killings as demanded by the Soviet Union when it was adopted. More recent definitions do however include such crimes, and e.g. The Holodomor is recognized as a genocide by the United States, Ukraine and other countries. The declaration advances the position that the Holocaust was "unique" as compared to other genocides, a subject of some debate. This position first appeared in discourse in 1967, but does not figure in scholarship of the Holocaust,〔Finkelstein, Norman (2003) (). ''The Holocaust Industry: Reflections on the Exploitation of Jewish Suffering''. London & New York: Verso Books, pp. 11–38〕 has become less common since the 1994 Rwandan genocide,〔Jones, Adam, ed. (2010). ''Genocide: A Comprehensive Introduction'' (2nd ed.). Abingdon: Routledge, p. 254〕 and was described as a "vacuous" and "deeply offensive" position by Peter Novick.〔Novick, Peter (1999). ''The Holocaust in American Life''. New York, NY: Houghton Mifflin, p. 9〕 The declaration was signed by 70, mostly left-wing, parliamentarians from Europe (MEPs and national MPs). It was released on the 70th anniversary of the Wannsee Conference in Berlin.
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